What are GLP-1s?

Written by Maria Maureen Ablen

Published 12/06/2024

Updated 03/24/2025

What are GLP-1 Medications and their use?

GLP-1 medications, or Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists, have seen a significant increase in prescriptions from 2019 to 2022 due to social media frenzy. Initially approved for type 2 diabetes, GLP-1s reduce glucose release after meals and suppress appetite, making them a safer option compared to other drugs. They have also been used to treat metabolic syndrome in patients with diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

To help generalists or care professionals use GLP-1s regularly, it is essential to understand the drugs and their class, handle perceived vs. actual side effects, and navigate drug shortages. Accessing an evidence-based clinical decision support solution is recommended for familiarizing professionals with GLP-1 weight-loss indications and therapeutic uses.

What are the essential counseling points for safe use of GLP-1 Medications?

Patient education materials can be helpful in educating patients on the benefits of GLP-1s, such as understanding the potential side effects and comfort with injections. It is important to emphasize that GLP-1s are not quick fixes and may require indefinite therapy for chronic conditions like overweight and obesity. In addition to long-term medication therapy, patients should also engage in other activities like reducing calories and increasing physical activity.

Furthermore, it is crucial to inform patients that GLP-1s are in shortage and that insurance coverage is in flux due to their high cost. Discussing the development of an alternative treatment plan can help patients manage their GLP-1 needs.

How should you properly use GLP-1 Medications for weight loss and diabetes management?

Most GLP-1 medications are injected under the skin (subcutaneously). Depending on the specific medication, the injection may be given in the abdomen, thigh, or upper arm. Here's a general guide on how to administer the injection:

Prepare the Medication:
- Make sure the medication is at room temperature.
- For pens (such as Ozempic or Saxenda), remove the cap and attach the needle if it’s not pre-attached
- If it’s a vial (less common for GLP-1s), draw up the correct dose with a syringe
Choose an Injection Site:
- Rotate your injection sites each time to avoid skin irritation or discomfort. Use areas like the abdomen (avoiding the area around the belly button), thighs, or outer upper arm
Clean the Area:
- Wipe the injection site with an alcohol swab to sterilize the area.
Inject the Medication:
- Pinch the skin (optional) and insert the needle at a 90-degree angle.
- Press the button on the pen to release the medication. Hold it in place for a few seconds to ensure the full dose is administered
Dispose of the Needle Properly:
- After use, dispose of the needle in a sharps container to prevent injury.
- Replace the cap on the pen or vial and store it as directed (usually in the fridge for certain medications)

Monitor Your Blood Sugar and Side Effects:

Blood Sugar: If you’re using GLP-1 medications for diabetes management, check your blood sugar as directed by your doctor. GLP-1 medications help to lower blood sugar, but it’s important to monitor for symptoms of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), such as dizziness, sweating, or confusion, especially if you're on other diabetes medications like insulin or sulfonylureas

Side Effects: Common side effects of GLP-1 medications include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and stomach discomfort. These side effects often improve over time. If you experience more serious side effects like pancreatitis(severe stomach pain) or signs of an allergic reaction (rash, difficulty breathing), contact your doctor immediately

Resources: https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/expert-insights/glp-1-medications-and-weight-loss-help-patients-navigate-beyond-trends Morman J. (N.D) Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor: mechanisms and advances in therapy. Sig Transduct Target Ther (2024).

Maria Maureen Ablen

Dr. Maria Maureen Ablen is a board-certified medical professional with a strong background in clinical care, healthcare innovation, and academic research. She is dedicated to advancing health and wellness through evidence-based practice and compassionate care.