Written by &you Labs Team
Updated October 5, 2026
A blood test report can look like alphabet soup. Short codes sit next to your numbers. There is no clear meaning in sight. That is why blood test abbreviations trip up so many people.
This guide is a plain glossary. It explains every common abbreviation on a Philippine lab report. It goes one term at a time. Keep it open next to your own results as you read.
The most common panel codes are CBC (complete blood count), CMP (comprehensive metabolic panel), LFT (liver function test), TFT (thyroid function test), and FBS (fasting blood sugar). Common single markers include ALT, AST, TSH, LDL, HDL, HbA1c, and Hgb. Each one is explained below in plain words, grouped by the part of your body it checks.
A CBC is a core test. It counts your red cells, white cells, and platelets. Almost every blood panel includes it.
This is a CBC plus one extra step. It breaks your white cells into five types. Each type fights a different threat.
A CMP is a wider panel. It checks your blood sugar, kidneys, electrolytes, and liver. It covers about 14 markers in one draw. Many Philippine labs sell this group as a blood chemistry test.
A BMP is a smaller version of the CMP. It skips liver enzymes and protein. It covers about 8 markers.
An LFT is a group of liver markers. It includes ALT, AST, ALP, bilirubin, albumin, and total protein. Most Philippine lab reports print ALT as SGPT and AST as SGOT. The names differ, but the tests are the same.
A TFT checks your thyroid. Your thyroid is a small gland in your neck. It controls your energy. A basic TFT checks TSH alone. A fuller TFT adds Free T4 and Free T3.
"Renal" just means kidney. An RFT checks creatinine, BUN, eGFR, and uric acid.
FBS is one glucose reading. You take it after 8 to 12 hours without food.
For this test, you drink a sugary liquid. Your blood sugar is checked at set times after. Doctors use it to diagnose diabetes.
This is also called glycated hemoglobin. It shows your average blood sugar. The average covers about three months.
This checks fats linked to cholesterol. It covers total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides.
This is a urine test, not a blood test. It checks your kidneys and bladder. It also looks for infection, sugar, or protein. Labs often order it alongside blood work.
Hemoglobin is a protein in your red cells. It carries oxygen. A low Hgb often means anemia.
Hematocrit is a share of your blood. It shows what percent is made of red cells.
This is simply your red cell count. It is measured in a set volume of blood.
This is your white cell count. It often rises with infection. It falls when your immune system is weak.
This is the average size of your red cells. It runs low with iron deficiency. It runs high with a B12 or folate gap.
This is the average hemoglobin amount. It is measured inside each red cell.
This shows how concentrated that hemoglobin is. It looks at each red cell.
This shows how much your red cells vary in size. It often rises early in a nutrient gap.
Platelets are small cell fragments. They help your blood clot.
This is the average size of your platelets.
This is a calculated score, not a direct test. Doctors use it as a simple inflammation marker.
This is your blood sugar level. It can be taken fasting or at random.
This is your insulin level after an overnight fast. A high result can mean insulin resistance is starting. That means your body needs more insulin than it should.
This is a calculated score. It flags insulin resistance. Doctors get it by combining your glucose and insulin numbers.
These are fats that circulate in your blood. They tend to rise with extra carbohydrate intake.
This adds up all the cholesterol in your blood. It counts every particle that carries it.
This is often called "bad" cholesterol. It can settle inside your artery walls over time.
This is often called "good" cholesterol. It carries cholesterol back to your liver for removal.
ApoB is a small protein. It sits on particles that carry cholesterol. Those particles can build up in your arteries. Many doctors see ApoB as the most accurate heart-risk marker.
This is a heart-risk marker set by your genes. You only need to test it once.
This picks up low-level swelling in your body. It helps predict heart risk over time.
This is a small building block of protein, called an amino acid. High levels are linked to heart and brain risk.
These are heart-failure markers. Doctors order them in specific cases, not as routine screening.
ALT (called SGPT on most Philippine lab reports) is an enzyme, or helper protein. It lives mainly in liver cells. It is the marker most sensitive to fatty liver.
AST (called SGOT on most Philippine lab reports) is a similar enzyme. It lives in your liver and muscles. Doctors often compare AST to ALT for extra clues.
GGT is a liver enzyme. It is sensitive to alcohol, some medicines, and bile-flow problems.
ALP is an enzyme. It lives in your liver, bones, and bile ducts.
Bilirubin is a yellow pigment. It rises with jaundice. Jaundice turns skin and eyes yellow.
This is also called conjugated bilirubin. It points more directly to bile-flow problems.
Albumin is your main blood protein. It shows how well your liver makes protein.
This adds up your albumin. It also adds other proteins called globulins.
Codes are easier to read when someone reads them with you. Every marker in your &you Labs panel comes with its full name and a plain explanation.
This is a waste product from your muscles. Your kidneys clear it from your blood.
This is a calculated score. It estimates how well your kidneys filter waste.
This is another waste product. It comes from protein breakdown. Your kidneys clear it too.
This comes from breaking down purines, a substance in some foods. High levels can cause gout.
This is a kidney marker. It is more sensitive than creatinine alone.
This is a urine test, not a blood test. It can catch kidney damage early.
Sodium is your main electrolyte outside your cells.
Potassium matters for your heart and muscles.
Chloride is a major charged particle in your blood.
This helps keep your blood's acid balance steady.
Calcium supports your bones, muscles, and nerves.
Magnesium helps run hundreds of processes in your body.
Phosphorus supports your bones and your cell energy.
TSH is a brain signal. It tells your thyroid how hard to work.
This is a thyroid hormone. It acts as a reserve form. Your body converts it when needed.
This is the active thyroid hormone. It is the one doing the work in your cells.
This is an inactive form of thyroid hormone.
These are antibodies. They can attack your thyroid. They are linked to Hashimoto's disease, an autoimmune thyroid condition where your immune system attacks its own tissue.
These are antibodies too. They target thyroglobulin, a protein your thyroid uses to make hormone.
These antibodies are linked to Graves' disease. That is another autoimmune thyroid condition.
This is a pituitary hormone. It drives ovulation in women. It drives hormone output in men.
This pituitary hormone drives egg and sperm development.
This is the main form of estrogen.
This hormone rises after ovulation. Doctors check it to confirm ovulation happened.
This is a sex hormone. Both men and women have it.
This is the small, active share of your testosterone.
This protein binds sex hormones in your blood. It affects how much stays free and active.
This hormone comes from your adrenal glands. It can turn into testosterone or estrogen.
This is a pituitary hormone. It is best known for its role in milk production.
This is your main stress hormone.
This reflects how many eggs a woman has left.
This marker reflects your growth hormone activity.
This is the storage form of vitamin D. It is what labs measure.
B12 supports your energy, nerves, and red blood cells.
Folate supports DNA building. It also supports a process called methylation.
This is your stored iron. Think of it as your iron fuel tank.
This is the iron in your blood right now.
This measures how much iron your blood could carry. Think of it as your iron transport space.
This is a calculated percent. It shows how full that transport space actually is.
This rises when your body is inflamed.
This is a more sensitive version of CRP. It catches lower-level, chronic inflammation.
Erythrocyte just means red blood cell. This test times how fast your red cells settle in a tube. It is a broad inflammation marker.
This protein plays a role in clotting. It also plays a role in inflammation.
This stands for hepatitis B surface antigen. A positive result means active infection.
This antibody shows you are immune to hepatitis B.
This antibody shows past exposure to hepatitis B.
This antibody shows exposure to hepatitis C.
This combined test checks for HIV antigen and antibody together.
These are syphilis screening tests.
This screens for prostate cancer. It is usually checked in men over 50.
This screens for liver cancer. It matters most for hepatitis carriers.
This helps monitor colon cancer. It also helps monitor a few other cancers.
These markers help monitor specific cancers. They are not broad screening tests.
This marker can signal pregnancy. Rarely, it can signal a germ cell tumor.
This screens for connective tissue disease. That is when your immune system attacks your own tissue.
This is linked to rheumatoid arthritis, a joint disease.
This is a more specific marker for rheumatoid arthritis.
This antibody is specific to lupus.
This antibody is also specific to lupus.
This antibody screens for celiac disease, a reaction to gluten.
A typical report lists the test name, your value, the range, and the units. It may flag a value with an "H" for high or an "L" for low.
Pay attention to any flagged values first. Also watch values sitting near the edge of the range. Check any trend across your past reports too. A group of related markers moving together often tells you more than one flagged value alone.
Standard &you Labs reports pair every code with its full name, so you are never left guessing. You can browse the full biomarker list to see how each one fits into your results.
SGPT is the name most Philippine labs print for ALT, a liver enzyme. SGOT is their name for AST, the other main liver enzyme. Both sit inside liver cells and leak into your blood when the liver is strained. A high result is worth reviewing with your doctor.
MCV is the average size of your red blood cells. A high MCV means your red cells are larger than usual. Low vitamin B12 or folate is the most common reason. Regular drinking and a slow thyroid can raise it too.
Lab habits vary a little. Most major codes stay standard worldwide. If you are unsure, look up the full test name or ask your lab.
Largely, yes. International lab standards are widely used here. Local labs keep a few names of their own. They print SGPT for ALT and SGOT for AST, and they often sell a CMP as a blood chemistry test.
Check the lab's own glossary. You can also search a trusted medical site or ask your doctor. You do not need to guess.
No. Knowing the major ones helps you read reports faster. For markers you track closely, depth matters more than covering every code.
Yes. Every value in a &you Labs report comes with its full name, a short description, and what it means for you.
The &you Labs Team combines medical science with personal care. We help Filipinos understand their health markers with blood work analysis that is easy to follow, whole person support, and health expertise built for Filipino life.
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