Diabetes

This comprehensive guide will walk you through the causes, symptoms, types, risk factors, and effective management strategies for diabetes. Whether you're newly diagnosed or simply want to understand more about the condition, this article will provide valuable insights to help you stay on top of your health. We’ll also highlight science-backed solutions and local resources to help you manage your diabetes and live a healthier life.

What is Diabetes?

Diabetes is a chronic condition that affects the body’s ability to process blood sugar (glucose), which is the body’s primary source of energy. When you eat food, your body breaks it down into glucose, which enters the bloodstream. In a healthy body, the hormone insulin helps regulate the amount of glucose in the blood. However, in people with diabetes, this process doesn’t work properly.

Diabetes has become a major health issue in the Philippines, with a growing number of cases each year. The Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA) notes that the country is seeing a rise in the number of Filipinos with diabetes-related complications, such as kidney disease and heart problems. Several factors contribute to this alarming increase in cases, including:

Dietary Habits: Traditional Filipino food, though delicious, is often high in sugar, refined carbohydrates, and unhealthy fats. Dishes like halo-halo, leche flan, and sugary drinks can contribute to high blood sugar levels, increasing the risk of diabetes.

Sedentary Lifestyles: Many Filipinos spend long hours sitting at work or school, and there’s limited opportunity for regular physical activity, especially in urban areas where traffic and pollution make exercise less accessible.

Lack of Awareness: A significant portion of the Filipino population remains unaware of their diabetes risk. Many people live with undiagnosed diabetes or prediabetes, which can lead to severe complications if left untreated.

Understanding these risk factors and taking proactive steps can significantly reduce the likelihood of developing diabetes.

Types of Diabetes

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This leads to little or no insulin production, requiring individuals with Type 1 diabetes to take insulin daily. Although Type 1 diabetes is less common, it can be diagnosed at any age, including childhood or adolescence.

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is the most common form of the disease, accounting for about 90% of all diabetes cases worldwide. It usually develops in adults, although an increasing number of children and teenagers are being diagnosed, especially in countries like the Philippines. In Type 2 diabetes, the body either resists the effects of insulin or doesn't produce enough of it to maintain normal blood sugar levels.

Key risk factors for Type 2 diabetes include obesity, a sedentary lifestyle, and poor dietary habits. While genetics also play a role, environmental factors like diet and exercise are often the most influential.

Gestational Diabetes

Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy when the body cannot produce enough insulin to meet the increased needs of both the mother and the growing baby. It affects about 5-10% of pregnancies in the Philippines, and while it typically disappears after childbirth, it increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes later in life for both mother and child.

The Symptoms of Diabetes

The symptoms of diabetes can vary depending on the type and how advanced the condition is. Some common symptoms include:

• Frequent urination
  

• Increased thirst or hunger
  

• Unexplained weight loss
  

• Fatigue
  

• Blurred vision
  

• Slow-healing sores or cuts
  

• Numbness or tingling in the hands or feet

If you notice any of these symptoms, it's important to consult with a healthcare professional. Early detection and treatment can help prevent complications. 

Complications of Diabetes

When left untreated, diabetes can lead to serious health complications. Some of the common complications include:

• Heart disease: People with diabetes are at a higher risk of heart disease due to the damage high blood sugar can do to blood vessels and nerves.
  

• Kidney disease: High blood sugar levels can damage the kidneys over time, leading to kidney failure if not properly managed.
  

• Nerve damage: Prolonged high blood sugar can damage nerves, particularly in the hands and feet, which can lead to numbness or even amputation.
  

• Eye problems: Diabetes can lead to vision problems, including diabetic retinopathy, which can result in blindness if left untreated.

How to Prevent and Manage Diabetes

While Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented, Type 2 diabetes and gestational diabetes can often be prevented or delayed with healthy lifestyle choices. Here are some practical steps to help manage and prevent diabetes:

1. Eat a Healthy Diet

A well-balanced diet is crucial for managing blood sugar levels. In the Philippines, this can include traditional foods like sinigang, pinakbet, and grilled fish, which are naturally low in sugar and provide essential nutrients. It’s important to reduce the intake of high-sugar foods like leche flan, halo-halo, and sweetened beverages, which can cause spikes in blood sugar.

Focus on foods that are rich in fiber, such as whole grains, vegetables, and legumes, as these help stabilize blood sugar levels. The National Institutes of Health recommends eating more plant-based foods and limiting processed and fatty foods to reduce the risk of diabetes.

2. Stay Physically Active

Exercise helps your body use insulin more effectively and can lower blood sugar levels. Aim for at least 30 minutes of moderate exercise on most days of the week. Walking, cycling, or dancing to your favorite Filipino music are all great ways to get moving. Even small changes, like using stairs instead of the elevator, can make a difference.

3. Monitor Your Blood Sugar

Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is vital for individuals with diabetes. Home glucose meters are widely available and can help you track your progress. If you’re at risk of diabetes or have been diagnosed with prediabetes, it’s important to check your blood sugar regularly.

4. Manage Your Weight

Being overweight or obese increases the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes. Adopting a healthy, balanced diet and regular exercise routine can help with weight management. If you need guidance, consult with a nutritionist or healthcare provider to develop a personalized weight-loss plan.

5. Take Medication as Prescribed

If you’ve been diagnosed with diabetes, your doctor may prescribe medication to help regulate your blood sugar levels. Common medications for Type 2 diabetes include metformin, insulin, and other oral medications that help the body use insulin more efficiently.

When to Seek Professional Help

If you experience any of the symptoms mentioned earlier or if your blood sugar levels remain consistently high, it’s important to seek professional help immediately. Early intervention can prevent complications and improve long-term health outcomes. Telehealth services in the Philippines, such as online consultations with licensed doctors, can help you manage your condition without needing to visit a clinic in person. This is particularly helpful for those with busy schedules or who live in rural areas with limited access to healthcare. 

Take Charge of Your Health Today

Diabetes may be a growing health concern in the Philippines, but with the right knowledge and proactive steps, it can be managed effectively. From making healthier food choices to staying physically active and monitoring your blood sugar levels, there are many ways to reduce your risk of diabetes or manage it if you're already diagnosed.

Take charge of your health today—start by scheduling a consultation with a healthcare provider, reviewing your diet, incorporating more physical activity into your daily routine, and staying up to date on tips and guides from reputable brands like Andyou. With the right support, diabetes doesn’t have to control your life.